A Critique on Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins Essays

A Critique on Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins Essays A Critique on Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins Paper A Critique on Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins Paper Joseph Desjardins   Employment Essays In the article entitled Drug Testing in Employment by Joseph Desjardins and Ronald Duska, an interesting take on the relationship between the right to privacy and drug testing is made. Privacy, as the authors argue, is essentially an â€Å"employee right†. The right to privacy in the workplace pertains not to the owner of the establishment or in this case the employer but rather to the employee who works for the employer. These conventional views rather support the theory that mandatory drug testing can be implemented in the work place but under certain conditions, one of them being that it must be job related. This short discourse will tackle a few of the points made by the authors in the article and will present an alternative view with regard to the issue of drug testing in employment. As mentioned in the article, there are essentially two views concerning drug testing in employment, the first view allows mandatory drug testing within the workplace as long as a causal connection can be established between work or job performance and the use of drugs. This is further justified by the statistic which shows that over US$25 billion is lost every year due to decrease in productivity from the use of drugs by employees. The second view argues that drug testing should be allowed if it harms the employer, the employee and the public. Furthermore, the authors support this second view by citing certain allowable restrictions on this right to drug testing so as not to be offensive to the Constitutional Right to Privacy. The main argument of the Desjardins and Duska revolves around the restrictions that must be imposed on the mandatory drug testing. They essentially argue that in order for drug testing to be acceptable in the workplace there must be certain limits that must be set in place. One of these limits is that no employee should be compelled to submit to drug testing. While there is a drug testing program that is implemented in the workplace, no employee can be required to submit to it. In relation to this, the authors present situations wherein it is allowable to request an employee to submit to drug testing but again it may not be required of the employee. Also prohibited are the use of coercive measures to make the employee submit to drug testing such as the threat of losing employment or even certain employment benefits. It must be pointed out that while the authors do take a stand for the protection of the privacy of employees, the arguments that have been presented must be rejected for lack of sufficient basis and alternatives for the following reasons. First of all, no right, even those granted by the constitution, is absolute. Every right that a person is granted is always subject to certain limitations and restrictions. In the same way that a person’s right to privacy may be invaded on the strength of a search warrant. The setting of being in a workplace is not so much different that it is capable of being given a different treatment. In fact, more restrictions on the right to privacy can even be imposed because of the setting. It must be remembered that in the sphere of human rights, there is a correlation between the rights of one individual and that of another. One is only free to act within the bounds of his privacy or rights as long as such acts do not unduly or excessively interfere with the rights of other people. As the authors would argue, drug testing can be implemented but the participation by the employees must be voluntary. This view cannot be sustained in line with the argument that no right is absolute. The reason behind this is that there is a greater concern behind all of this and this is public safety. While it may be a restraint on one’s privacy, it is for a greater cause; a cause that everyone in the country has submitted to and vowed to uphold. The second and perhaps more compelling reason why drug testing should not be made voluntary is the fact that it does not technically violate the constitutional right to privacy. The authors extend the coverage of the right to privacy to drug testing. In a long line of cases decided upon by the United States Supreme Court, it has been consistently held that physical testing of an individual can be compelled. There is no violation of the right to privacy in this case unless the test was carried out without due process. In this case, requiring an employee who is suspected of taking harmful drugs or those that can affect work performance can be required without worry of violating the employee’s right to privacy. While the arguments presented by the authors are not clearly substantiated in the article, the must, however, still be lauded for their efforts in trying to uphold the individual’s right to privacy. Drug testing can be used as a means of harassing employees or even as a way of firing those employees who are unsatisfactory without going through the entire legal process of giving notice. No legal system, no business model is perfect. There will always be a struggle between rights of employees and that of the employers. The solution may or may not be far away but one thing remains clear. Until and unless a certain compromise can be made to thus balance these corresponding rights there will be more controversy surrounding this issue. The employee is already well protected under the Labor Laws of this land and his effort is greatly appreciated yet one must also consider that without the employer or capital most of these employees would not have any jobs at all.

Assimilation and Accommodation Essay Essay Example

Assimilation and Accommodation Essay Essay Example Assimilation and Accommodation Essay Essay Assimilation and Accommodation Essay Essay Assimilation and Adjustment Jean Piaget viewed rational growing as a procedure of version ( accommodation ) to the universe. This happens through: * Assimilation. which is utilizing an bing scheme to cover with a new object or state of affairs. * Accommodation – this happens when the bing scheme ( cognition ) does non work. and needs to be changed to cover with a new object or state of affairs. * Equilibration – occurs when a child’s scheme can cover with most new information through assimilation. However. a province of disequilibrium occurs when new information can non be fitted into bing scheme ( assimilation ) . Equilibration is the force which drives the larning procedure as we do non wish to be frustrated and will seek to reconstruct balance by get the hanging the new challenge. ( adjustment ) . Once the new information is acquired the procedure of assimilation with the new scheme will go on until the following clip we need to do an accommodation to it. Example A 2 twelvemonth old kid sees a adult male who is bald on top of his caput and has long crisp hair on the sides. The kid will absorb the adult male as a buffoon. This is assimilation. And when the male parent explain to his boy that the adult male was non a buffoon and that even though his hair was like a clown’s. he wasn’t have oning amusing costume and wasn’t making thing to do people laugh. This is adjustment. And with this new cognition. the male child is able to alter his scheme of â€Å"clown† and do this thought fit better to a standard construct of â€Å"clown. † Harmonizing to Piaget. instruction can back up these development procedures by phases of Development. A child’s cognitive development is about a child development or building a mental theoretical account of the universe. Jean Piaget was interested both in how kids learnt and in how they thought. Piaget studied kids from babyhood to adolescence. and carried out many of his ain probes utilizing his three kids. He used the undermentioned research methods: Naturalistic observation: Piaget made elaborate observations of kids. and from these he wrote diary descriptions charting their development. He besides made Clinical interviews and observations of older kids who were able to understand inquiries and hold conversations. Piaget believed that kids think otherwise than grownups and stated they go through 4 cosmopolitan phases of cognitive development. * Sensorio-motora: desde EL nacimiento hasta los 2 anos aproximadamente. En esta etapa Se caracteriza Al nino como extremadamente egocentrico. donde no comprende el mundo de otra forma que no sea su propio punto de vista. El desarrollo chief nut esta etapa Es el entendimiento de que los objetos existen independientemente de su relacion con EL objeto ( permanencia del objeto ) . es decir que EL nino es capaz de mantener una imagen mental de una character u objeto a pesar de no estar presente O seeable. En esta etapa los bebes aprenden principalmente a traves del ensayo Y mistake. El objetivo de Piaget epoch investigar a que edad los ninos adquirian esta â€Å"permanencia del objeto† . El metodo que uso fue esconder un juguete debajo de una sabana Y ver Si EL nino buscaba EL objeto escondido. Esta busqueda del objeto epoch una prueba de la permanencia del objeto. Piaget supuso que EL nino solo podia buscar EL objeto escondido si tiene una representacion mental de el. * Etapa Pre-operacional: desde los 2 a 7 anos aproximadamente. En esta etapa los ninos desarrollan gradualmente el uso del lenguaje Y La capacidad parity pensar en forma simbolica. Sus pensamientos nut esta etapa suelen ser egocentricos. Egocentrismo hace referencia La incapacidad del nino de ver una situacion desde otro punto de vista que no sea el de el mismo. Segun Piaget. un nino egocentrico supone que Las personas ven. escuchan o sienten lo mismo que el. Piaget quiso descubrir a que edad los ninos dejan de tener esta actitud. * Operaciones Concretas: desde los 7 a 11 anos aproximadamente. En esta etapa EL nino Es lo suficientemente maduro parity pensar logicamente en operaciones unidireccionales. Pero pueden aplicar La logica solo con objetos fisicos. Los ninos Se vuelven menos egocentricos Y entienden las leyes de conservacion. esto significa que comprenden que aunque la apariencia de un objeto cambie. no significa que cambie el objeto en si . * Operaciones Formales: desde los 11 anos hasta La adultez. Cuando los adolescentes entran en esta etapa adquieren la capacidad de pensar de manera abstracta. de combinar clasificar los elementos de una manera mas sofisticada. y la capacidad de razonamiento de orden higher-up. Ademas desarrollan una identidad Y Se muestran mas interesados en temas sociales.

Health Care Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care Reform - Essay Example This took place after fruitless attempts by several Democratic presidents for decades, which made the moment very significant in the long legislative contest.  This Health Care Reform legislation is expected to cover around thirty million Americans who do not have access to it. It requires Americans to make sure that they have health insurance cover and for low and middle-income persons, it would subsidize private coverage. Furthermore, it would include approximately sixteen million more Americans to the Medicaid rolls. As Wolfe (2010) notes, the Health care Reform legislation is of great significant to children and young adults, as regards to health care access and cover. To start with, beginning 2010, new private plans must offer preventive care free of charge. It does not permit them to charge deductibles or co-payments for preventive services. This is also the case for Medicare starting from 1 January 2011. It therefore places more children at an advantage of getting access to well-child health checks for earlier detection of potential health problems.

Measures a Business Takes During a Disaster Assignment

Measures a Business Takes During a Disaster - Assignment Example Federal assistance from the fire department and police department came to assist after being contacted together with the locals’ and nearby hospital personnel. A series of actionable items on the plant was given to know the way forward and the business continuity plan that would make certain that the business gets back on its fit once the emergency plans prove to be successful. As the Safety Operations Director, the recommendation I would make to the Chief Executive Officer of the manufacturing plant and warehouse is to appoint a temporary disaster management executive committee which will be involved with the safety of the employees and the company’s data stored in computers as these are the company’s priorities. The steps to be taken when beginning recovery efforts by this committee include (1) ensuring the safety of employees by taking a roll call to account for everyone so that none is left unattended, (2) ensuring the safety of the company’s data in computers by backing them in external hard disks and sending them to personal emails, (3) contacting the families of the injured ones to inform them of the situation, (4) assessing the damaged assets, the ones at risk and the resources left, (5) relocating company tracks and employees to safe locations (6) reducing financial loss and (7) rushing the injured to nearby hospitals for treat ment. All these steps are to be conducted by the disaster management executive committee, chairpersons, coordinators and departments/ branch leaders, drawn from the institution’s available personnel resources that are to provide effective leadership and administration of the institution’s recovery effort, making decisions and giving directions. It is the duty of these people to restore the entire organization’s ability to operate and re-open its components testing and revising the process upon results, resuming and replacing damaged equipment, saving lives, contacting the family of the workers and maintaining law and order for possible looting.  Ã‚  

Public Finance-Social Security Insolvency Essay

Public Finance-Social Security Insolvency - Essay Example At the initial stage of this program, permanently disabled soldiers and widows of soldiers were given the benefits of social security policies. The most noted disadvantage of this program is that it had not designed any provisions for the Confederate side veterans and families. In order to remove the inefficiencies of the program and to coordinate the whole unions of soldiers, this program was restructured later and thereby all unions of soldiers got the benefit of the program regardless of the intensity of their injuries. Due to the expansion of the program, the federal government was driven to spend more than one third of its funds to meet the military pensions in 1984. The United States was shaken by the great depression of 1930 when millions of Americans lost their jobs and struggled to meet the livelihood. The event prompted the thoughts of a comprehensive social security system for the survival of the weakest in times of such severe situations. Franklin Roosevelt became the pre sident of America in 1932 and the depression was at its intense stage in this period. He was the first person who suggested an idea of social insurance in America although it was characterized by several weak aspects. Roosevelt’s idea was the milestone in the history of social security programs and it was molded into its present form subsequent to various amendments of Roosevelt’s basic frame. ... This plan persuaded the workers to set aside a specified percentage of their income to a separate account so that they can use this amount to meet the monthly expenses after retirement. Subsequently, Social Security Act (SSA) came into force in 1935. Since 1935 the SSA system has been exercising in US with relevant modifications in accordance with changing economic situations and population of the country. Currently, social security system in United States is known as Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. Deaven and Andrews (vii) lists other social security programs which include â€Å"Unemployment Insurance, Temporary Assistance to Needy families, Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled (Medicare), Grants to States for Medical Assistance Programs (Medicaid), State Children’s Health Insurance programs (SCHIP), and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). 2. Causes of the anticipated insolvency: Anticipated insolvency or expected insolvency is a threa t to business as it leads the business to failure in the near future. Insolvency may occur in small businesses as well as in big businesses although small business ventures have more possibility to confront with it. There are large numbers of causes for anticipated insolvency. Lack of working capital is the main cause of anticipated insolvency as it interrupts the smooth running of the business (The 65 most common reasons for business failure). The inadequate capital resources cause to diminish the management incompetence which is the catalyst that leads the business upwards. The thoughtless managerial decisions, unfair issue of credits, and unnecessary purchases are the major factors which create the situation of capital deficiency. Unforeseen contingencies like floods,

How Information Flows Within an Organization Essay Example for Free

How Information Flows Within an Organization Essay Information has to travel through different types of pathways in order to be received and used. Think of the pathways of information like the transit system. Information is loaded into systems by using input devices, like keyboards or touchscreens. After the information is imputed it is transferred to some type of storage medium, whether hard disk drive, RAM, or CD’s or DVD’s. Once this information is transferred it is then able to be accessed and used as long as the correct permissions are assigned. The storage allows for future access and the ability to retransmit the data to another device, by using the LAN, WAN, Internet or removable devices like flash drives or external hard drives. The ability to create and use information would not be possible without the hardware that allows the user to input the information they want others to read or use. It can go down to basic components like computers, keyboard, hard drives, etc. However, in conjunction with the hardware there has to be software which outputs the data so the user can read it. Once the data is read the user can create databases or upload the information to different locations like a cloud based server. Once again with the ability to do this would not be possible without special types of hardware that allows this. The hardware in reference is NIC cards, routers, switches, hub, etc. All of these things make it possible for information to be transmitted around the world. Of course to simply transmit data and information around the world could be a very simple thing, until you add in the steps necessary to protect the data. In my current job we do not use very much resources to transmit data or even  create it. However, a company that we work for uses networks and even special communication cables to transmit and receive data from different devices within the building we are working. Basically there are controllers that connect via a two or three conductor cable and which connects to devices mounted on air handler systems. These devices take in an enormous amount of complex data and regularly transmit the data to the controller which then relays the information to a computer that is on the mainframes network. This network allows the company the ability to have remote access to the controller which allows them to be able to change certain values in order to make the air handlers run more smoothly. Some of the data that is transferred include, outside air pressure, discharge air temp, return air temp, and there are even safety measures transmitting to ensure smooth operation. Once an alarm is triggered the device sends data to the controller which then relays the alarm to the computer which outputs the reason for the alarm and specifies what triggered the alarm. A technician can then go on the computer and adjust whatever values need adjusting to remove the alarm and resume proper operation. Without this network of devices and controllers and computers there would be no way for these issues to be resolved in a timely manner. Seeing how allot of the work we do is in Charlottes main healthcare system, by us not being able to have quick and painless connectivity many peoples wellbeing could be at risk. The one thing the company I work for makes sure of is security for their systems and networks. Although the physical network is not part of the company’s infrastructure it is protected from other people trying to access it because it is their equipment, cables, controllers, and devices. The hospitals have no access to these systems because one wrong value can be the difference between freezing temperatures or summer conditions in the building. The company, Johnson Controls, uses three different programs that have to be authenticated before access is granted. Firstly the technician has to slide their finger over the fingerprint scanner to access the computer that connects to the controllers. Seems like a correct finger scan would be all that’s necessary for accessing the system, however, the IT personnel decided to add two more layers of security due to the nature of their business. Secondly the technician has to scan their badge into a card  reader type of device that pops up a screen that greets the technician as a Johnson Control employee. Once again not enough security in the minds of Johnson Controls so the final security measure is an encrypted password, that if it is entered incorrectly starts the whole process over again. After talking with multiple technicians the consensus is that they cannot stand all the security measure, but they do understand the purpose. Perhaps the best measure the company has against potential invasions is that all the equipment they use from top to bottom is made by themselves. This ensures that only their employees are trained and permitted to use the equipment. Other people might look at the equipment and be dumbfounded due to the processes and certain protocols in place on how to use the equipment to access any information. Although I currently do not work in an environment that utilizes servers and multiple computers, I do see how information is passed through devices to controllers and finally to computers or networks. Even though there is multiple types of information the way it is used and flows follow the same path. Without hardware and software there would be no way to use and transmit the data. As the technology continues to change and become more advanced, I am sure the way information is used will change along with it.

The Old Man And The Sea: The Old Man :: essays research papers

The Old Man and The Sea: The Old Man Authors use many tactics to reveal a character's personality. In the short story, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, Hemingway exposes the attributes of his characters through narration and dialogue. The older waiter's characteristics are exhibited through the waiters' conversations and the observations the narrator makes. The author cleverly associates the older waiter with the old man. This connection gives the audience a clear understanding of the loneliness and old age the waiter faces. The older waiter in Hemingway's story identifies with the old man. This is evident through the statements he makes to the younger waiter. In the begining of the work the younger waiter is complaining about the old man staying at the cafe. The older waiter takes up for the old man by explaining that the old man, â€Å"stays up because he likes it† (Hemingway 160). This is the initial time that the older waiter indicates that he identifies with the old man's feelings. This identification becomes more apparent farther in the work. For instance, the older waiter categorizes himself as being one, â€Å"of those who likes to stay late at the cafe†(Hemingway 161). With this declaration, the older waiter places himself in the same group as the old man. Hemingway's comparison of the old man and the waiter becomes unmistakable through the words of the older waiter. Loneliness and old age are the common bonds that the older waiter shares with the old man. This is manifested through the dialogue between the two waiters. For example, when the younger waiter boasts about his youth and confidence, the older waiter jealously replies, â€Å"I have never had confidence and I am not young†(Hemingway 161). The older waiter goes on further to illustrate that all he has is work. The older waiter later displays his loneliness through his compassion for the old man and others like himself. For instance, when the younger waiter remarks that he wishes to go home for the night, the older waiter says, â€Å"I am reluctant to close up because there may be some one who needs the cafe† (Hemingway 161). Through the author's comparison of the old man and the older waiter, he reveals the waiter's loneliness and desire for youth. The narration communicates the personality of the older waiter. For example, the narrator depicts the old waiter as, â€Å"not dressed to go home† (Hemingway 161). The author is implying that the older waiter will be in search of a drinking area, much like the cafe, after the cafe closes. Similar to the old man, the older waiter does not want to go home. The Old Man And The Sea: The Old Man :: essays research papers The Old Man and The Sea: The Old Man Authors use many tactics to reveal a character's personality. In the short story, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, Hemingway exposes the attributes of his characters through narration and dialogue. The older waiter's characteristics are exhibited through the waiters' conversations and the observations the narrator makes. The author cleverly associates the older waiter with the old man. This connection gives the audience a clear understanding of the loneliness and old age the waiter faces. The older waiter in Hemingway's story identifies with the old man. This is evident through the statements he makes to the younger waiter. In the begining of the work the younger waiter is complaining about the old man staying at the cafe. The older waiter takes up for the old man by explaining that the old man, â€Å"stays up because he likes it† (Hemingway 160). This is the initial time that the older waiter indicates that he identifies with the old man's feelings. This identification becomes more apparent farther in the work. For instance, the older waiter categorizes himself as being one, â€Å"of those who likes to stay late at the cafe†(Hemingway 161). With this declaration, the older waiter places himself in the same group as the old man. Hemingway's comparison of the old man and the waiter becomes unmistakable through the words of the older waiter. Loneliness and old age are the common bonds that the older waiter shares with the old man. This is manifested through the dialogue between the two waiters. For example, when the younger waiter boasts about his youth and confidence, the older waiter jealously replies, â€Å"I have never had confidence and I am not young†(Hemingway 161). The older waiter goes on further to illustrate that all he has is work. The older waiter later displays his loneliness through his compassion for the old man and others like himself. For instance, when the younger waiter remarks that he wishes to go home for the night, the older waiter says, â€Å"I am reluctant to close up because there may be some one who needs the cafe† (Hemingway 161). Through the author's comparison of the old man and the older waiter, he reveals the waiter's loneliness and desire for youth. The narration communicates the personality of the older waiter. For example, the narrator depicts the old waiter as, â€Å"not dressed to go home† (Hemingway 161). The author is implying that the older waiter will be in search of a drinking area, much like the cafe, after the cafe closes. Similar to the old man, the older waiter does not want to go home.